BLACK HOLE THEORY

we can consider this universe as a huge  black hole, that is so big that it is out of our imagination.But this doesn't mean that the universe is infinite.It has elliptico-hellical  shape and is continuously expanding resulting variable mass.The logic on considering the universe as the black hole is the inability of light  of escaping through it. There can be  a query , how the hell do other minor black holes exist? That is just like compressing one balloon into another balloon or just like a  yolk existing in an egg cell .

There was a huge burning ball of fire which was at the verge of death after the chemical evolution of trillions of year.Then it's hydrogen gas was all used up but still there were enough dust clouds to unite together to form a immensely dense object(i.e.sunelosuchala).But sunelosuchala  was unable to withstand tremendous pressure and finally exploded to form the celestial bodies . Despite with the passage of time ; light is  still unable to penetrate out through this universe stating clearly that this universe is a  huge black hole.

COMPANIES ACT 2013

Companies Act 2013 is an Act of the Parliament of India which regulates incorporation of a company, responsibilities of a company, directors, dissolution of a company. The 2013 Act is divided into 29 chapters containing 470 sections as against 658 Sections in the Companies Act, 1956 and has 7 schedules.The Act has replaced The Companies Act, 1956 (in a partial manner) after receiving the assent of the President of India on 29 August 2013. The Act came into force on 12 September 2013 with few changes like earlier private companies maximum number of member was 50 and now it will be 200. A new term of "one person company" is included in this act that will be a private company and with only 98 provisions of the Act notified. On 27 February 2014, the MCA stated that Section 135 of the Act which deals with corporate social responsibility will come into effect from 1 April 2014. On 26 March 2014, the MCA stated that another 183 sections will be notified from 1 April 2014.

The Ministry of Company Affairs thereafter proposed a draft notification for exempting private companies from the ambit of various sections under the companies act.

     NEW CONCEPT

• Brief description of new conceptsOne Person Companies (opc)
• Women Directors
• Corporate Social Responsibility.
• Registered Valuers
• Rotation of Auditors
• Class Action
• Dormant Company
• Fast Track Mergers
• Serious Fraud Investigation Office

• One Person Company is a company with only one person as a member. That one person will be the shareholder of the company. It avails all the benefits of a private limited company such as separate legal entity, protecting personal assets from business liability, and perpetual succession. One Person Company (OPC) is a Company registered with ONLY ONE PERSON as its shareholder. An OPC is classified as a private company under Companies Act.
• Woman Director: Every Listed Company /Public Company with paid up capital of Rs 100 Crores or more / Public Company with turnover of Rs 300 Crores or more shall have at least one Woman Director.
• Corporate Social Responsibility Clause (135) Every company having net worth of rupees five hundred crore or more, or turnover of rupees one thousand crore or more or a net profit of rupees five crore or more during any financial year shall constitute a Corporate Social Responsibility Committee of the Board consisting of three or more directors, out of which at least one director shall be an independent director.
• Registered Valuers-Valuation by registered valuers. Clause (247) (1) Where a valuation is required to be made in respect of any property, stocks, shares, debentures, securities or goodwill or any other assets (herein referred to as the assets) or net worth of a company or its liabilities under the provision of this Act, it shall be valued by a person having such qualifications and experience and registered as a valuer in such manner, on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed and appointed by the audit committee or in its absence by the Board of Directors of that company
• Class action suits (clause 245) For the first time, a provision has been made for class action suits. It is provided that specified number of member(s), depositor(s) or any class of them, may, if they are of the opinion that the management or control of the affairs of the company are being conducted in a manner prejudicial to the interests of the company or its members or depositors, file an application before the Tribunal on behalf of the members or depositors. Where the members or depositors seek any damages or compensation or demand any other suitable action from or against an audit firm, the liability shall be of the firm as well as of each partner who was involved in making any improper or misleading statement of particulars in the audit report or who acted in a fraudulent, unlawful or wrongful manner. The order passed by the Tribunal shall be binding on the company and all its members, depositors and auditors including audit firm or expert or consultant or advisor or any other person associated with the company.
• Dormant Company - Where a company is formed and registered under this Act for a future project or to hold an asset or intellectual property and has no significant accounting transaction, such a company or an inactive company may make an application to the Registrar for obtaining the status of a dormant company.
• Serious Fraud Investigation Office (clause 211) Statutory status to SFIO has been proposed. Investigation report of SFIO filed with the Court for framing of charges shall be treated as a report filed by a Police Officer. SFIO shall have power to arrest in respect of certain offences of the Bill which attract the punishment for fraud. Those offences shall be cognizable and the person accused of any such offence shall be released on bail subject to certain conditions provided in the relevant clause of the Bill.
• Fast Track Merger: The Companies Act, 2013 has separate provisions of fast track merger under Section 233 of Companies Act, 2013. These provisions are notwithstanding with the normal provisions of merger under Section 230 and 232 of this Act. Under fast track merger processes Central Government has the power to sanction all such scheme and there will be no requirement to approach National Company Law Tribunal (powers presently exercised by the High Court).

FRIEND

I trusted you so much,

But, why've you been so fake, friend?

Tears don't dry on their own,

It's been almost a lake, friend..

Cared for you so much & stayed by your side

But you never knew,

I could even die for your sake, friend..

Your smile was the language what I best understood,

And closer to the closest,

What I wanted to make, friend..

Lost the love and I have to move now

Memories of past is what I can take, friend..

Closer to the closest, what I wanted to make, friend..

IT'S NEVER TOO LATE

Live your life, the world may hate
At the end, ensure, you never regret
It's you, not God, who decide your fate
Everyday is a fresh start, it's never too late
Hope for something big, one day definitely you'll get
To stay by your side, there's always a special mate
Depression, frustration and else you may suffocate
But there's another day awaiting, even after sunset
Demise is obvious, but who knows its time and date?
Get relaxed, keep your head high, life'll motivate
EVERYDAY IS A FRESH START , IT'S NEVER TOO LATE

IMPORTANT FULL FORMS

Full Form Of Some non technical Words
===========================
B. A. — Bachelor of Arts
M. A. — Master of Arts
B. Sc. — Bachelor of Science
M. Sc. — Master of Science
B. Sc. Ag. — Bachelor of Science in
Agriculture
M. Sc. Ag. — Master of Science in Agriculture
M. B. B. S. — Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
M. D. — Doctor of Medicine
M. S. — Master of Surgery
Ph. D. / D. Phil. — Doctor of Philosophy (Arts & Science)
D. Litt./Lit. — Doctor of Literature / Doctor of Letters
D. Sc. — Doctor of Science
B. Com. — Bachelor of Commerce
M. Com. — Master of Commerce
Dr. — Doctor
B. P. — Blood Pressure
Mr. — Mister
Mrs. — Mistress
M.S. — miss (used for female married & unmarried)
Miss — used before unmarried girls)
M. P. — Member of Parliament
M. L. A. — Member of Legislative Assembly
M. L. C. — Member of Legislative Council
P. M. — Prime Minister
C. M. — Chief Minister
C-in-C — Commander-In-Chief
L. D. C. — Lower Division Clerk
U. D. C. — Upper Division Clerk
Lt. Gov. — Lieutenant Governor
D. M. — District Magistrate
V. I. P. — Very Important Person
I. T. O. — Income Tax Officer
C. I. D. — Criminal Investigation Department
C/o — Care of
S/o — Son of
C. B. I. — Central Bureau of Investigation
G. P. O. — General Post Office
H. Q. — Head Quarters
E. O. E. — Errors and Omissions Excepted
Kg. — Kilogram
Kw. — Kilowatts
Gm. — Gram
Km. — Kilometer
Ltd. — Limited
M. P. H. — Miles Per Hour
KM. P. H. — Kilometre Per Hour
P. T. O. — Please Turn Over
P. W. D. — Public Works Department
C. P. W. D. — Central Public Works Department
U. S. A. — United States of America
U. K. — United Kingdom (England)
U. P. — Uttar Pradesh
M. P. — Madhya Pradesh
H. P. — Himachal Pradesh
U. N. O. — United Nations Organization
W. H. O. — World Health Organization
B. B. C. — British Broadcasting Corporation
B. C. — Before Christ
A. C. — Air Conditioned
I. G. — Inspector General (of Police)
D. I. G. — Deputy Inspector General (of Police)
S. S. P. — Senior Superintendent of Police
D. S. P. — Deputy Superintendent of Police
S. D. M. — Sub-Divisional Magistrate
S. M. — Station Master
A. S. M. — Assistant Station Master
V. C. — Vice-Chancellor
A. G. — Accountant General
C. R. — Confidential Report
I. A. S. — Indian Administrative Service
I. P. S. — Indian Police Service
I. F. S. — Indian Foreign Service or Indian
Forest Service
I. R. S. — Indian Revenue Service
P. C. S. — Provincial Civil Service
M. E. S. — Military Engineering Service
Full Form Of Some technical Words
==============================
VIRUS - Vital Information Resource UnderSeized.
3G -3rd Generation.
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.
CDMA - Code Divison Multiple Access.
UMTS - Universal MobileTelecommunication System.
SIM - Subscriber Identity Module .
AVI = Audio Video Interleave
RTS = Real Time Streaming
SIS = Symbian OS Installer File
AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
JAD = Java Application Descriptor
JAR = Java Archive
JAD = Java Application Descriptor
3GPP = 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GP = 3rd Generation Project
MP3 = MPEG player lll
MP4 = MPEG-4 video file
AAC = Advanced Audio Coding
GIF= Graphic InterchangeableFormat
JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
BMP = Bitmap
SWF = Shock Wave Flash
WMV = Windows Media Video
WMA = Windows Media Audio
WAV = Waveform Audio
PNG = Portable Network Graphics
DOC =Document (MicrosoftCorporation)
PDF = Portable Document Format
M3G = Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A = MPEG-4 Audio File
NTH = Nokia Theme (series 40)
THM = Themes (Sony Ericsson)
MMF = Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
NRT = Nokia Ringtone
XMF = Extensible Music File
WBMP = Wireless Bitmap Image
DVX = DivX Video
HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language
WML = Wireless Markup Language
CD -Compact Disk.
DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.
DAT - Digital Audio Tape.
DOS - Disk Operating System.
GUI -Graphical User Interface.
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
IP - Internet Protocol.
ISP - Internet Service Provider.
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.
UPS - UninterruptiblePower Supply.
HSDPA -High Speed Downlink PacketAccess.
EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for
GSM- [GlobalSystem for Mobile Communication Evolution.
VHF - Very High Frequency.
UHF - Ultra High Frequency.
GPRS - General PacketRadio Service.
WAP - Wireless ApplicationProtocol.
TCP - Transmission ControlProtocol.
ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
IBM - International Business Machines.
HP - Hewlett Packard.
AM/FM - Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation