BLACK HOLE THEORY

we can consider this universe as a huge  black hole, that is so big that it is out of our imagination.But this doesn't mean that the universe is infinite.It has elliptico-hellical  shape and is continuously expanding resulting variable mass.The logic on considering the universe as the black hole is the inability of light  of escaping through it. There can be  a query , how the hell do other minor black holes exist? That is just like compressing one balloon into another balloon or just like a  yolk existing in an egg cell .

There was a huge burning ball of fire which was at the verge of death after the chemical evolution of trillions of year.Then it's hydrogen gas was all used up but still there were enough dust clouds to unite together to form a immensely dense object(i.e.sunelosuchala).But sunelosuchala  was unable to withstand tremendous pressure and finally exploded to form the celestial bodies . Despite with the passage of time ; light is  still unable to penetrate out through this universe stating clearly that this universe is a  huge black hole.

COMPANIES ACT 2013

Companies Act 2013 is an Act of the Parliament of India which regulates incorporation of a company, responsibilities of a company, directors, dissolution of a company. The 2013 Act is divided into 29 chapters containing 470 sections as against 658 Sections in the Companies Act, 1956 and has 7 schedules.The Act has replaced The Companies Act, 1956 (in a partial manner) after receiving the assent of the President of India on 29 August 2013. The Act came into force on 12 September 2013 with few changes like earlier private companies maximum number of member was 50 and now it will be 200. A new term of "one person company" is included in this act that will be a private company and with only 98 provisions of the Act notified. On 27 February 2014, the MCA stated that Section 135 of the Act which deals with corporate social responsibility will come into effect from 1 April 2014. On 26 March 2014, the MCA stated that another 183 sections will be notified from 1 April 2014.

The Ministry of Company Affairs thereafter proposed a draft notification for exempting private companies from the ambit of various sections under the companies act.

     NEW CONCEPT

• Brief description of new conceptsOne Person Companies (opc)
• Women Directors
• Corporate Social Responsibility.
• Registered Valuers
• Rotation of Auditors
• Class Action
• Dormant Company
• Fast Track Mergers
• Serious Fraud Investigation Office

• One Person Company is a company with only one person as a member. That one person will be the shareholder of the company. It avails all the benefits of a private limited company such as separate legal entity, protecting personal assets from business liability, and perpetual succession. One Person Company (OPC) is a Company registered with ONLY ONE PERSON as its shareholder. An OPC is classified as a private company under Companies Act.
• Woman Director: Every Listed Company /Public Company with paid up capital of Rs 100 Crores or more / Public Company with turnover of Rs 300 Crores or more shall have at least one Woman Director.
• Corporate Social Responsibility Clause (135) Every company having net worth of rupees five hundred crore or more, or turnover of rupees one thousand crore or more or a net profit of rupees five crore or more during any financial year shall constitute a Corporate Social Responsibility Committee of the Board consisting of three or more directors, out of which at least one director shall be an independent director.
• Registered Valuers-Valuation by registered valuers. Clause (247) (1) Where a valuation is required to be made in respect of any property, stocks, shares, debentures, securities or goodwill or any other assets (herein referred to as the assets) or net worth of a company or its liabilities under the provision of this Act, it shall be valued by a person having such qualifications and experience and registered as a valuer in such manner, on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed and appointed by the audit committee or in its absence by the Board of Directors of that company
• Class action suits (clause 245) For the first time, a provision has been made for class action suits. It is provided that specified number of member(s), depositor(s) or any class of them, may, if they are of the opinion that the management or control of the affairs of the company are being conducted in a manner prejudicial to the interests of the company or its members or depositors, file an application before the Tribunal on behalf of the members or depositors. Where the members or depositors seek any damages or compensation or demand any other suitable action from or against an audit firm, the liability shall be of the firm as well as of each partner who was involved in making any improper or misleading statement of particulars in the audit report or who acted in a fraudulent, unlawful or wrongful manner. The order passed by the Tribunal shall be binding on the company and all its members, depositors and auditors including audit firm or expert or consultant or advisor or any other person associated with the company.
• Dormant Company - Where a company is formed and registered under this Act for a future project or to hold an asset or intellectual property and has no significant accounting transaction, such a company or an inactive company may make an application to the Registrar for obtaining the status of a dormant company.
• Serious Fraud Investigation Office (clause 211) Statutory status to SFIO has been proposed. Investigation report of SFIO filed with the Court for framing of charges shall be treated as a report filed by a Police Officer. SFIO shall have power to arrest in respect of certain offences of the Bill which attract the punishment for fraud. Those offences shall be cognizable and the person accused of any such offence shall be released on bail subject to certain conditions provided in the relevant clause of the Bill.
• Fast Track Merger: The Companies Act, 2013 has separate provisions of fast track merger under Section 233 of Companies Act, 2013. These provisions are notwithstanding with the normal provisions of merger under Section 230 and 232 of this Act. Under fast track merger processes Central Government has the power to sanction all such scheme and there will be no requirement to approach National Company Law Tribunal (powers presently exercised by the High Court).

FRIEND

I trusted you so much,

But, why've you been so fake, friend?

Tears don't dry on their own,

It's been almost a lake, friend..

Cared for you so much & stayed by your side

But you never knew,

I could even die for your sake, friend..

Your smile was the language what I best understood,

And closer to the closest,

What I wanted to make, friend..

Lost the love and I have to move now

Memories of past is what I can take, friend..

Closer to the closest, what I wanted to make, friend..

IT'S NEVER TOO LATE

Live your life, the world may hate
At the end, ensure, you never regret
It's you, not God, who decide your fate
Everyday is a fresh start, it's never too late
Hope for something big, one day definitely you'll get
To stay by your side, there's always a special mate
Depression, frustration and else you may suffocate
But there's another day awaiting, even after sunset
Demise is obvious, but who knows its time and date?
Get relaxed, keep your head high, life'll motivate
EVERYDAY IS A FRESH START , IT'S NEVER TOO LATE

IMPORTANT FULL FORMS

Full Form Of Some non technical Words
===========================
B. A. — Bachelor of Arts
M. A. — Master of Arts
B. Sc. — Bachelor of Science
M. Sc. — Master of Science
B. Sc. Ag. — Bachelor of Science in
Agriculture
M. Sc. Ag. — Master of Science in Agriculture
M. B. B. S. — Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
M. D. — Doctor of Medicine
M. S. — Master of Surgery
Ph. D. / D. Phil. — Doctor of Philosophy (Arts & Science)
D. Litt./Lit. — Doctor of Literature / Doctor of Letters
D. Sc. — Doctor of Science
B. Com. — Bachelor of Commerce
M. Com. — Master of Commerce
Dr. — Doctor
B. P. — Blood Pressure
Mr. — Mister
Mrs. — Mistress
M.S. — miss (used for female married & unmarried)
Miss — used before unmarried girls)
M. P. — Member of Parliament
M. L. A. — Member of Legislative Assembly
M. L. C. — Member of Legislative Council
P. M. — Prime Minister
C. M. — Chief Minister
C-in-C — Commander-In-Chief
L. D. C. — Lower Division Clerk
U. D. C. — Upper Division Clerk
Lt. Gov. — Lieutenant Governor
D. M. — District Magistrate
V. I. P. — Very Important Person
I. T. O. — Income Tax Officer
C. I. D. — Criminal Investigation Department
C/o — Care of
S/o — Son of
C. B. I. — Central Bureau of Investigation
G. P. O. — General Post Office
H. Q. — Head Quarters
E. O. E. — Errors and Omissions Excepted
Kg. — Kilogram
Kw. — Kilowatts
Gm. — Gram
Km. — Kilometer
Ltd. — Limited
M. P. H. — Miles Per Hour
KM. P. H. — Kilometre Per Hour
P. T. O. — Please Turn Over
P. W. D. — Public Works Department
C. P. W. D. — Central Public Works Department
U. S. A. — United States of America
U. K. — United Kingdom (England)
U. P. — Uttar Pradesh
M. P. — Madhya Pradesh
H. P. — Himachal Pradesh
U. N. O. — United Nations Organization
W. H. O. — World Health Organization
B. B. C. — British Broadcasting Corporation
B. C. — Before Christ
A. C. — Air Conditioned
I. G. — Inspector General (of Police)
D. I. G. — Deputy Inspector General (of Police)
S. S. P. — Senior Superintendent of Police
D. S. P. — Deputy Superintendent of Police
S. D. M. — Sub-Divisional Magistrate
S. M. — Station Master
A. S. M. — Assistant Station Master
V. C. — Vice-Chancellor
A. G. — Accountant General
C. R. — Confidential Report
I. A. S. — Indian Administrative Service
I. P. S. — Indian Police Service
I. F. S. — Indian Foreign Service or Indian
Forest Service
I. R. S. — Indian Revenue Service
P. C. S. — Provincial Civil Service
M. E. S. — Military Engineering Service
Full Form Of Some technical Words
==============================
VIRUS - Vital Information Resource UnderSeized.
3G -3rd Generation.
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.
CDMA - Code Divison Multiple Access.
UMTS - Universal MobileTelecommunication System.
SIM - Subscriber Identity Module .
AVI = Audio Video Interleave
RTS = Real Time Streaming
SIS = Symbian OS Installer File
AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
JAD = Java Application Descriptor
JAR = Java Archive
JAD = Java Application Descriptor
3GPP = 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GP = 3rd Generation Project
MP3 = MPEG player lll
MP4 = MPEG-4 video file
AAC = Advanced Audio Coding
GIF= Graphic InterchangeableFormat
JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
BMP = Bitmap
SWF = Shock Wave Flash
WMV = Windows Media Video
WMA = Windows Media Audio
WAV = Waveform Audio
PNG = Portable Network Graphics
DOC =Document (MicrosoftCorporation)
PDF = Portable Document Format
M3G = Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A = MPEG-4 Audio File
NTH = Nokia Theme (series 40)
THM = Themes (Sony Ericsson)
MMF = Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
NRT = Nokia Ringtone
XMF = Extensible Music File
WBMP = Wireless Bitmap Image
DVX = DivX Video
HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language
WML = Wireless Markup Language
CD -Compact Disk.
DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.
DAT - Digital Audio Tape.
DOS - Disk Operating System.
GUI -Graphical User Interface.
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
IP - Internet Protocol.
ISP - Internet Service Provider.
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.
UPS - UninterruptiblePower Supply.
HSDPA -High Speed Downlink PacketAccess.
EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for
GSM- [GlobalSystem for Mobile Communication Evolution.
VHF - Very High Frequency.
UHF - Ultra High Frequency.
GPRS - General PacketRadio Service.
WAP - Wireless ApplicationProtocol.
TCP - Transmission ControlProtocol.
ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
IBM - International Business Machines.
HP - Hewlett Packard.
AM/FM - Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation

Sakhuwagacchi,Inaruwa Nepal

                                   SAKHUWAGACCHI, INARUWA

Inaruwa is the headquarters of the Sunsari District in Nepal. It lies on the Mahendra Highway, near Koshi Bridge. Once a sleepy town, Inaruwa has become very vivacious. Major attractions include the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and the Koshi Bridge.
This town has a municipality designation. One of the popular places is 
Sakhuwagacchi Chowk which lies in the heart of the municipality and located in ward no 3 of inaruwa municipality.

All type of people are residing here in a friendly environment..majority of people here are are brahmins,chhetri,gurung and many others.

There are four ways which we can move from the chowk..
one goes towards madhesa,one towards highway(sakhuwagacchi bus stand),other towards malpot office and rest towards the sombare haat(nepal`s second largest haat) and dadatol.

Market here are developing instantly,houses here are almost of concrete and of wooden .

There is a statue of late cpn uml leader madan bhandari in the heart of the chowk which separates the four different ways as i have mentioned above.

There are many private schools and a govt primary school located in shakhuwagacchi which helps to gives education to the children. some of the schools are the martyr english school,sharaswati gyanakunj, janata prathamik bidhyalaya etc

Government office like malpot karyalaya and district court is
situated in the ward no 3 which is recocgnised as shakhuwagacchi only.many people are engaged there in lekhapadi firm for their livelihood.
                                                    
Majority of shops here are of groccery and inn where all types of people are found there mostly in evening. it gives bad impact to the society and growing child as many inns are there.kids of underage are habituated with drink and smoke.i found many growing child addicted to cigarette and weeds which is really sad part.

Mostly people are found roaming during morning and evening time as they are engaged in service or businness.most of the adults people are not residing there,they are either in kathmandu or other major cities. old age people, womens and school going child are mostly residing there nowadays. all people gathered together mostly during dashain and tihar which is the most exciting moment for all to meet family and friends.all people help each other inneed

I found this place as heaven for me wherever i am now..i get born here,grow here,schooling and all my moments are attached here.everyone loves there birth place.wherever i am my heart feels for mine place.i really love inaruwa and all the people here.

There is a traffic office located in highway side of sakhuwagacchi and the mostly accident prone area where many people have lost their lives.

There is a sitting place named chautara exactly opposite of this picture after crossing road where we stay and talk with friends,elders,juniors and spend our time and many people also take public transport from there to there destination point.

During summer there is a craze of people for swimming so the famous place for swimming is bhotepul ko jharana where many people hangout there.





There are lots and lots of things to say about my place which i cant describe here ,anyway i have compiled many things here hope you will liked it

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve,Nepal

                                  Sunsari,Nepal

The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is a protected area in the Terai of eastern Nepal covering 175 km2 (68 sq mi) of wetlands in the Sunsari, Saptari and Udayapur Districts. It comprises extensive mudflats, reed beds, and freshwater marshes in the floodplain of the Sapta Kosi River, and ranges in altitude from 75 to 81 m (246 to 266 ft). It was established in 1976 and designated as a Ramsar site in December 1987During 1997 to 1998, an interview survey was conducted in the Paschim Kasuha VDC adjacent to the east of the reserve to investigate the extent of park–people conflict. The findings showed that wild water buffalo and wild boar were major crop raiders between September and February. Large numbers of cattle were found grazing freely inside the reserve. Local people are
responsible for illegal utilization of forest products, poaching and river fishing inside the reserve.

In 2005, the reserve together with the Koshi Barrage was identified as one of 27 Important Bird Areas of Nepal.The vegetation of the reserve is mainly characterised by mixed deciduous riverine forest, grasslands and marshy vegetation. The coverage of grasslands is 68%, compared to only about 6% of forest, which is predominated by Sisso. Patches of Khair forest are more prevalent towards the northwestern part. The grasslands near the running water bodies are maintained by the annual flooding and grazing by wildlife.The Sapta Koshi River, a tributary of the Ganges, causes rapid and intense flooding during the rainy season. In the extensive wetlands, 514 plant species are found including Kapok, sugarcane, reed, Cattail, Imperata cylindrica, eel grass, and species of Eichornia, Hydrilla, Azolla and Lotus.

The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris = "crocodile of the marsh"),

also called the Indian, Indus, Persian, marsh crocodile or simply mugger, is found throughout the Indian subcontinent and the surrounding countries. It is one of the threecrocodilians found in India, the others being the gharial and the saltwater crocodile.It is a medium sized crocodile that mostly inhabits freshwater lakes, ponds, sluggishrivers, swamps and marshes. Males of the species may grow 4 m (13 ft) to 4.5 m (15 ft) in length, but rarely exceed 3.7 m (12 ft). As with other crocodilians, females are smaller.The mugger crocodile has the broadest snout of any extant crocodile, giving it an alligator-like appearance. It is a more heavily armored species with enlargedscutes around the neck. Adults are dark grey or brown, while hatchlings are tan colored.
The mugger crocodile is a skilled predator that preys on a variety of species. Like other crocodilians they are ambush hunters and wait for their prey to come close. They wait camouflaged in the murky waters to launch the attack in the suitable moment. They mostly prey on fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Reproduction takes place in winter months. Females lay eggs in nests that are holes dug in the sand. Temperature duringincubation is the determinant of sex in the young. The mugger crocodile possesses the size to be a serious threat to humans but are not as aggressive as some other species, such as the sympatric saltwater crocodiles. They are also observed to usually avoid areas with saltwater crocodiles.Mugge.

Koshi Tappu wildlife reserve (KTWR)  is famous for large remnant population wild water buffalo in Nepal and large variety of birds. Wild buffalo is the ancestor of the domestic water buffalo. Asiatic buffalo is chiefly a grazer, feeding in the morning and evenings and lying up in dense cover or submerging in wallows in midday.  The study "Status, distribution, threat and habitat pattern

assessment of Asiatic wild water buffalo in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve" was carried out with aiming to assess population size, threat and habitat pattern. Direct census (Block count) and water holes census method was used to assess the population size by sweeping whole reserve area and water holes. For habitat pattern and threat study forest inventory was carried out and for threat assessment semi structured interview was carried with local stakeholders (herders, cattle owner, political bodies and conservation partners).  The major population of wild buffalo is distributed in three isolated blocks Prakashpur, Haripur and Badgama (south duban island) and little population was in Bhagalpur blocks. The study shows population size was 237 wild buffalo in 2011 (Male 66, Female 117, first year calf 15, second year calf 39), Calf cow ratio is 0.33 and exponential growth rate is 0.097. The preferred habitat pattern used by Asiatic buffalo is sandy and open large Sacchrum grassland and riverine forest as well.